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Wind Chill Calculator
How cold it feels on bare skin when the wind blows, with the National Weather Service wind chill formula and how fast frostbite can set in. At 0°F with a 15 mph wind it feels like -19°F.
Use the sustained wind from a forecast, not gusts.
Feels like
The wind makes feel colder.
Wind chill only applies at 50°F (10°C) or colder with wind of at least 3 mph (5 km/h), so it feels like the air temperature.
Low risk: dress for the cold and the wind.
Enter the temperature and wind speed to see how cold it feels.
Wind chill chart
Find the air temperature along the top and the wind speed down the side. Colours show how fast exposed skin can freeze.
| mph ↓ / °F → | 40 | 35 | 30 | 25 | 20 | 15 | 10 | 5 | 0 | -5 | -10 | -15 | -20 | -25 | -30 | -35 | -40 | -45 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | 36 | 31 | 25 | 19 | 13 | 7 | 1 | -5 | -11 | -16 | -22 | -28 | -34 | -40 | -46 | -52 | -57 | -63 |
| 10 | 34 | 27 | 21 | 15 | 9 | 3 | -4 | -10 | -16 | -22 | -28 | -35 | -41 | -47 | -53 | -59 | -66 | -72 |
| 15 | 32 | 25 | 19 | 13 | 6 | 0 | -7 | -13 | -19 | -26 | -32 | -39 | -45 | -51 | -58 | -64 | -71 | -77 |
| 20 | 30 | 24 | 17 | 11 | 4 | -2 | -9 | -15 | -22 | -29 | -35 | -42 | -48 | -55 | -61 | -68 | -74 | -81 |
| 25 | 29 | 23 | 16 | 9 | 3 | -4 | -11 | -17 | -24 | -31 | -37 | -44 | -51 | -58 | -64 | -71 | -78 | -84 |
| 30 | 28 | 22 | 15 | 8 | 1 | -5 | -12 | -19 | -26 | -33 | -39 | -46 | -53 | -60 | -67 | -73 | -80 | -87 |
| 35 | 28 | 21 | 14 | 7 | 0 | -7 | -14 | -21 | -27 | -34 | -41 | -48 | -55 | -62 | -69 | -76 | -82 | -89 |
| 40 | 27 | 20 | 13 | 6 | -1 | -8 | -15 | -22 | -29 | -36 | -43 | -50 | -57 | -64 | -71 | -78 | -84 | -91 |
| 45 | 26 | 19 | 12 | 5 | -2 | -9 | -16 | -23 | -30 | -37 | -44 | -51 | -58 | -65 | -72 | -79 | -86 | -93 |
| 50 | 26 | 19 | 12 | 4 | -3 | -10 | -17 | -24 | -31 | -38 | -45 | -52 | -60 | -67 | -74 | -81 | -88 | -95 |
| 55 | 25 | 18 | 11 | 4 | -3 | -11 | -18 | -25 | -32 | -39 | -46 | -54 | -61 | -68 | -75 | -82 | -89 | -97 |
| 60 | 25 | 17 | 10 | 3 | -4 | -11 | -19 | -26 | -33 | -40 | -48 | -55 | -62 | -69 | -76 | -84 | -91 | -98 |
| km/h ↓ / °C → | 5 | 0 | -5 | -10 | -15 | -20 | -25 | -30 | -35 | -40 | -45 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 | 3 | -3 | -9 | -15 | -21 | -27 | -33 | -39 | -45 | -51 | -57 |
| 20 | 1 | -5 | -12 | -18 | -24 | -30 | -37 | -43 | -49 | -56 | -62 |
| 30 | 0 | -6 | -13 | -19 | -26 | -33 | -39 | -46 | -52 | -59 | -65 |
| 40 | -1 | -7 | -14 | -21 | -27 | -34 | -41 | -47 | -54 | -61 | -68 |
| 50 | -1 | -8 | -15 | -22 | -29 | -35 | -42 | -49 | -56 | -63 | -69 |
| 60 | -2 | -9 | -16 | -23 | -30 | -36 | -43 | -50 | -57 | -64 | -71 |
| 70 | -2 | -9 | -16 | -23 | -30 | -37 | -44 | -51 | -58 | -65 | -72 |
| 80 | -3 | -10 | -17 | -24 | -31 | -38 | -45 | -52 | -59 | -67 | -74 |
- Extreme risk (-55°C / -67°F and colder): Exposed skin can freeze in under 2 minutes.
- Severe risk (-48°C / -54°F and colder): Exposed skin can freeze in 2 to 5 minutes.
- Very high risk (-40°C / -40°F and colder): Exposed skin can freeze in 5 to 10 minutes.
- High risk (-28°C / -18°F and colder): Exposed skin can freeze in 10 to 30 minutes.
- Moderate risk (-10°C / 14°F and colder): Frostbite is unlikely, but hypothermia is a risk if you stay out long without protection.
How wind chill is calculated
Your body warms a thin layer of air next to the skin. Wind blows that layer away, so you lose heat faster and feel colder. Wind chill is the temperature that would feel the same on bare skin in calm air.
The US National Weather Service and Environment Canada have used this formula since November 2001:
Wind chill (°F) = 35.74 + 0.6215·T − 35.75·V0.16 + 0.4275·T·V0.16
T is the air temperature in °F and V the wind speed in mph, measured 33 feet (10 m) above the ground. It is only used at 50°F (10°C) or colder with wind of at least 3 mph. Wind chill affects people and animals, not objects: a car or pipe never gets colder than the air temperature.
Formula from the US National Weather Service and Environment and Climate Change Canada (2001 wind chill index); frostbite risk bands from Environment and Climate Change Canada. A guide only: frostbite can happen faster on wet skin, at high altitude or for people with poor circulation.
About the Wind Chill Calculator
The Wind Chill Calculator shows how cold it feels on bare skin when the wind blows. Enter the air temperature in °F or °C and the wind speed in mph, km/h, m/s or knots, and it works out the wind chill with the formula the US National Weather Service and Environment Canada have used since 2001, along with how quickly exposed skin can get frostbite. The full wind chill chart is on the page in °F with mph and in °C with km/h.
How to use it
- 1 Choose °F or °C.
- 2 Enter the air temperature.
- 3 Enter the sustained wind speed and pick its unit.
- 4 Read the feels-like temperature and the frostbite risk, and copy a link to share it.
Frequently asked questions
What is wind chill?
Wind chill is how cold it feels on exposed skin when wind is combined with the air temperature. Wind strips away the warm layer of air around your body, so you lose heat faster. At 0°F with a 15 mph wind it feels like -19°F.
What wind chill causes frostbite?
Exposed skin can freeze in 10 to 30 minutes at a wind chill of -28°C (about -18°F), in 5 to 10 minutes at -40° (°C and °F are the same there), in 2 to 5 minutes at -48°C (-54°F) and in under 2 minutes at -55°C (-67°F) or colder.
When does wind chill apply?
Only when the air is 50°F (10°C) or colder and the wind is at least 3 mph (about 5 km/h). In warmer or calm conditions the wind chill is the same as the air temperature.
Can wind chill freeze water pipes or a car?
No. Wind chill describes how fast warm bodies lose heat. Wind cools objects faster, but never below the actual air temperature, so pipes freeze only when the air itself is below 32°F (0°C).
What is the wind chill formula in Celsius?
In metric units it is 13.12 + 0.6215·T − 11.37·V^0.16 + 0.3965·T·V^0.16, with T in °C and V in km/h. It gives the same answer as the °F formula; this calculator converts between them for you.
What wind chill closes schools?
Many northern US districts close or delay when morning wind chills reach about -20 to -35°F, when frostbite is possible at the bus stop. Districts further south close at much milder values.
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